1. Hardware and Software:

• Hardware: Refers to the physical components of a computer system, such as the central processing unit (CPU), memory, storage devices, and peripherals like keyboards and printers.
• Software: Includes programs and applications that run on a computer. This encompasses operating systems, productivity tools, and specialized software for various purposes.

2. Operating Systems:

• The core software that manages computer hardware and provides services for computer programs. Common examples include Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

3. Networking:

• Understanding how computers communicate with each other. This includes concepts like IP addresses, protocols, routers, and the internet. Networking is crucial for data exchange and resource sharing.

4. Databases:

• Storage and retrieval of data in a structured manner. Basics include database management systems (DBMS), tables, queries, and relationships. Examples of DBMS include MySQL, Microsoft SQL Server, and Oracle.

5. Programming:

• Writing instructions for computers to execute. Fundamental programming concepts involve variables, control structures (like loops and conditionals), and data types. Languages such as Python, Java, and C++ are commonly used.

6. Cybersecurity:

• Protecting computer systems, networks, and data from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. Concepts include encryption, firewalls, antivirus software, and best practices for secure computing.

7. Web Technologies:

• Understanding the basics of the World Wide Web, including HTML for structuring web content, CSS for styling, and JavaScript for adding interactivity. Knowledge of web servers, browsers, and HTTP is also essential.

8. Cloud Computing:

• Accessing and storing data or running applications over the internet instead of on local hardware. Cloud services include platforms like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud.

9. IT Project Management:

• Basics of managing IT projects, including defining objectives, planning, resource allocation, and execution. Frameworks like Agile and Scrum are commonly used in IT project management.

10. Troubleshooting and Problem Solving:

• Developing skills to identify and resolve technical issues. This involves systematic approaches to diagnose problems, conduct root cause analysis, and implement solutions.